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Published by Claudia Giunta.
We live in a world where social media and endless health and beauty standards are at our fingertips, constantly shaping how we see ourselves and our bodies. It’s easy to scroll through endless photos of “ideal” bodies, unrealistic diet trends, and filtered perfection, so it comes as no surprise that our relationship with food and our bodies is more complicated than ever.
The result is a growing epidemic of disordered eating. From overeating driven by stress and emotional triggers to dangerous cycles of restriction, bingeing, and purging, eating disorders are more prevalent than ever—but often go unnoticed until serious damage is done.
Recognizing the signs in yourself, friends, or family members can be the first step toward breaking free from this cycle. In this article, we’ll explore the most common eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and binge eating disorder, their warning signs, and how to seek help before they take a lasting toll on mental and physical health.
Nova Vita Solutions
We understand that overcoming an eating disorder requires a comprehensive approach that supports both mental and physical health. For those experiencing malnutrition due to restrictive eating or purging behaviors, our IV infusions provide essential vitamins, minerals, and hydration to help replenish nutrient deficiencies and restore energy levels. With customized treatments designed to support overall wellness, Nova Vita is committed to helping you regain strength, vitality, and confidence in your healing journey. Book an appointment today and take the next step toward recovery with Nova Vita.
What Are Eating Disorders?
Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions that involve persistent disturbances in eating behaviors, thoughts, and emotions. They can seriously affect physical health, psychological well-being, and social functioning. Common types of eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).
While eating disorders can affect anyone, they are most frequently diagnosed in adolescents and young adults, particularly women. Studies suggest that 9% of the US population, or 28.8 million Americans will have an eating disorder in their lifetime. These conditions often co-occur with anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or substance use disorders. Although genetic predisposition plays a role, environmental factors such as social pressures, media influence, and personal experiences also contribute to their development.
The behaviors associated with eating disorders vary—some individuals engage in extreme food restrictions or avoid certain foods altogether. In contrast, others struggle with cycles of binge eating, purging, or compulsive exercise. Over time, these patterns can lead to serious medical complications, including heart problems, gastrointestinal issues, and severe malnutrition. However, with early intervention and a multidisciplinary treatment approach, recovery is possible, allowing individuals to restore their physical health and rebuild a positive relationship with food.
Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia nervosa (commonly referred to as Anorexia) is a serious eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of body image. Individuals with anorexia often go to extreme lengths to control their weight, including severe food restriction, excessive exercise, or purging behaviors.
The behaviors that may be present in a person with anorexia include:
- Extreme weight loss or failure to maintain a healthy weight for age and height
- Intense fear of gaining weight or persistent behaviors aimed at preventing weight gain
- Distorted body image, with an obsession over perceived flaws in appearance
- Severe food restriction or avoidance of entire food groups
- Excessive exercise or compulsive movement to compensate for eating
- Social withdrawal and avoidance of meals with family or friends
- Restricting the times they can eat and where they can eat (typically privately)
- Constantly counting calories and obsessing over fat and/or sugar content
Symptoms and Complications of Anorexia
As anorexia progresses, the body begins to suffer from the effects of severe malnutrition and, in some cases, the impact of purging behaviors. Some of the common symptoms that develop due to prolonged starvation or purging include:
- Loss of menstrual cycles due to hormonal imbalances
- Dizziness or fainting caused by dehydration and low blood pressure
- Brittle hair and nails, along with dry, thinning skin
- Cold intolerance as the body struggles to maintain temperature
- Muscle weakness and wasting from prolonged calorie restriction
- Heartburn and acid reflux in individuals who engage in self-induced vomiting
- Severe constipation, bloating, and discomfort after meals due to slowed digestion
- Bone loss (osteopenia or osteoporosis), increasing the risk of fractures, especially in those who engage in excessive exercise
- Cognitive and emotional difficulties such as depression, anxiety, irritability, fatigue, and poor concentration
Treatment for Anorexia
Effective treatment for anorexia nervosa may include medical care, nutritional rehabilitation, and psychological therapy. Restoring a healthy weight is a primary goal, often requiring monitored meal plans and, in severe cases, inpatient care. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is commonly used to address distorted thoughts around food, body image, and self-worth. Medications may be prescribed to manage co-occurring conditions like anxiety or depression. Long-term recovery involves ongoing support from healthcare providers, family, and support groups to prevent relapse and rebuild a balanced relationship with food and body image.
Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by cycles of binge eating followed by purging, excessive exercise, or fasting. Individuals with bulimia often feel a loss of control during binge episodes and use purging methods to avoid weight gain. Unlike anorexia, people with bulimia may maintain a normal weight, making the disorder harder to detect.
The behaviors that may be present in a person with bulimia may include:
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating, consuming large amounts of food in a short period
- Feeling a lack of control during binge episodes
- Behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, laxative or diuretic use, fasting, or excessive exercise
- Extreme dieting or avoidance of certain foods
- Frequent trips to the bathroom after meals
- Hiding or hoarding food for future binges
- Social withdrawal, especially from activities involving food
- Mood swings, anxiety, or low self-esteem related to body image and eating habits
Symptoms and Complications of Bulimia
The repeated cycle of bingeing and purging can lead to severe health complications, including:
- Chronic sore throat and swollen salivary glands from vomiting
- Tooth enamel erosion and cavities due to stomach acid exposure
- Acid reflux and digestive issues
- Electrolyte imbalances, which can cause irregular heart rhythms or even heart failure
- Dehydration and kidney problems
- Gastrointestinal distress, including bloating and constipation
- Increased risk of anxiety, depression, and substance abuse
Treatment for Bulimia
Effective treatment for bulimia includes psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps individuals identify and change harmful thought patterns and behaviors. Nutritional counseling and medical monitoring are also important to prevent long-term complications. Medications such as antidepressants may be prescribed to help manage co-occurring mood disorders. With professional support and a structured recovery plan, individuals with bulimia can regain control over their eating behaviors and improve their overall well-being.
Binge Eating Disorder
Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large quantities of food, often quickly and to the point of discomfort, accompanied by a loss of control and feelings of guilt or distress. Unlike bulimia, individuals with BED do not regularly engage in compensatory behaviors like purging or excessive exercise.
Symptoms
- Eating unusually large amounts of food in a short period
- Feeling a lack of control over eating habits
- Eating rapidly, even when not physically hungry
- Eating alone due to embarrassment about portion sizes
- Experiencing distress, shame, or guilt after overeating
BED can contribute to various physical and mental health concerns, including obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, depression, and anxiety.
Treatment
BED treatment typically includes cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to address emotional triggers, nutritional counseling to establish healthier eating patterns, and, in some cases, medication to help regulate appetite and mood. A comprehensive approach focused on mental and physical well-being can help individuals regain control and develop a healthier relationship with food.
Bottom Line
Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions that can have serious physical and emotional consequences. Early recognition and intervention are key to recovery. If you or someone you know is struggling with disordered eating, Nova Vita is here to help with recovery. Book an appointment today and take the first step toward a healthier, happier future.
